COB LED vs SMD LED
SMD LED (Surface Mount Device LEDs) and COB LED (Chip-on-Board LEDs) are two different types of technologies, each with its own characteristics and applications. They have different benefits and different drawbacks, so let’s look at this in more detail.
SMD LEDs are composed of individual light-emitting diodes mounted onto a printed circuit board (PCB) or substrate. These LEDs are typically small and are placed close together on the board – think typical LED flex-strip, with lots of little yellow blocks.
COB LEDs consist of multiple (tiny) LED chips (typically nine or more) bonded directly to a substrate or a surface. The chips are mounted closely together, often in a single cluster, without individual packaging. This looks like one large yellow block, or strip, in the image above.
Comparison Between COB LEDs and SMD LEDs
SMD LEDs generally produce lower light output compared to COB LEDs. They are commonly used for applications requiring lower brightness levels, such as indicator lights, backlighting, and decorative lighting. SMD has lower brightness, so used more for ambiance applications.
COB LEDs are known for their high light output and intensity due to the concentrated arrangement of multiple LED chips. They are suitable for applications requiring high brightness, such as floodlights, spotlights, and high-intensity lighting. COB can be very bright, used more for functional light-fittings.
SMD LEDs typically generate less heat compared to COB LEDs because each individual LED chip generates its own heat. However, heat dissipation can still be a consideration in designs with high-density arrangements of SMD LEDs. SMD gets hot, and you need a decent heatsink, but not as hot as COB.
COB LEDs can generate more heat due to the high density of LED chips in such close proximity. Proper heat dissipation measures, such as heatsinks or thermal management systems, are often required to maintain optimal performance and reliability. COB gets very hot, and thermal management is critical to avoid premature chip failure.
SMD LEDs generally have wider beam angles compared to COB LEDs. This wider beam angle can be advantageous for applications where uniform illumination over a broader area is desired. SMD usually has around a 120-degree beam angle, so light is very general. No optics to control the light spread means the light goes everywhere.
COB LEDs typically have narrower beam angles compared to SMD LEDs. This narrower beam angle can result in more focused and directional light output, making COB LEDs suitable for applications requiring precise lighting control or spotlighting. COB is better for focused light; examples are spotlights or wall washers with a narrow beam. The optics are almost always used and can get a beam as narrow as 3 deg.
SMD LEDs are usually smaller in size and can be mounted onto PCBs using automated surface mount technology, making them well-suited for compact and lightweight designs. SMD is compact and suited to small fittings like strip lights or portable items (flashlights and novelty nightlights) that don’t need to be too bright.
COB LEDs are larger in size compared to individual SMD LEDs due to the clustering of multiple LED chips. They are often used in applications where size is less of a constraint and where high-power lighting solutions are needed. COB is suited to smaller portable items that need to pack a bright light; they also work better with batteries, so they last longer per charge. This includes solar-powered flood lights, integrated spotlights or downlights, and light bulbs.
Choosing the Right LED for Your Needs
When it comes to selecting between SMD and COB LEDs, there’s no one-size-fits-all answer. The decision ultimately depends on your specific lighting requirements, budget constraints, and design preferences.
Application: Consider the intended use of your lighting fixture and the lighting requirements of your space. Are you looking for compact accent lighting, or do you need high-powered illumination for task lighting? If the LEDs are being installed in a space where there may be limited ventilation (i.e. a ceiling bulkhead), the SMD might be a better option as they emit less heat. The lighting required is also usually softer, so you don’t need the brightness of a COB.
Budget: Evaluate your budget and determine the cost-effectiveness of each LED technology based on your project’s scale and requirements. Different grades of LEDs further impact this; many of the cheaper items only have a 12-month warranty for a reason; if you’re looking for something that will last you 30 000 – 50 000hrs, opt for the more expensive items with a 5-year warranty. In the event of failure, your supplier should be able to repair or replace it.
Aesthetic Preferences: Consider the design aesthetic you wish to achieve. Do you prefer the slim profile and flexibility of SMD LEDs, or the powerful output and uniformity of COB LEDs? With regards to LED flexible tape – SMD options can be cheaper, but you get either 60 or 120 LEDs per meter. Essentially, the fewer chips you have, the “spottier” your strip will present. COB strips are now available, but they can get very hot, and in our experience, this causes the adhesive to dry out and the strips to fall off the applied area. Use the correct accessories when installing.
Thermal Considerations: If your application involves high temperatures or enclosed fixtures, prioritize LEDs with superior thermal management capabilities, such as COB LEDs. Enclosed light fittings are often required for exterior applications; check that the fitting has certification in place and ask to see test results if you’re concerned.
In summary, while both SMD LEDs and COB LEDs are types of LED technology, they differ in construction, light output, heat dissipation, beam angle, and size/form factor. The choice between SMD and COB LEDs depends on specific application requirements. We’re here to answer any questions you may have, so please be in touch if you have a project with special lighting requirements.
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